Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, electronics, and energy storage systems, but they are highly sensitive to temperature. Excessive heat can reduce battery performance, shorten lifespan, and even pose safety risks. To address this, phase change material (PCM) is used as a thermal management solution.

PCM absorbs and stores heat when the battery temperature rises, particularly in the range of 40°C to 60°C, which is critical for lithium-ion cells. During discharge or charging cycles, the material melts and absorbs excess heat, preventing temperature spikes.